Table 5.
Associations between number of different helminth parasite infections and cytokine production by peripheral blood leukocytes cultured in medium alone (i.e. spontaneous cytokine production) in 1,271 children
| Number of helminth infections | Spontaneous cytokine production | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | % Non-responders | % Responders | Crude | Adjusted | |
| (n) | (n) | # OR (95% CI) | ## OR (95% CI) | ||
| IFN-γ [mean (pg/mL) = 21.0]* | |||||
| (n = 870) | (n = 114) | ||||
| 0 | 450 (445.7) | 89.8 | 10.2 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 361 (36.7) | 87.8 | 12.2 | 1.22 (0.79; 1.89) | 1.17 (0.74; 1.84) |
| 2 | 117 (11.9) | 86.3 | 13.7 | 1.39 (0.76; 2.56) | 1.35 (0.72; 2.53) |
| 3 | 56 (5.7) | 85.7 | 14.3 | 1.46 (0.65; 3.28) | 1.36 (0.59; 3.11) |
| IL-5 [mean (pg/mL) = 16.0]* | |||||
| (n = 1.150) | (n = 66) | ||||
| 0 | 569 (46.8) | 95.1 | 4.9 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 443 (36.4) | 94.1 | 5.9 | 1.20 (0.70; 2.09) | 1.18 (0.67; 2.07) |
| 2 | 144 (11.8) | 95.8 | 4.2 | 0.84 (0.34; 2.07) | 0.86 (0.34; 2.15) |
| 3 | 60 (5.0) | 90.0 | 10.0 | 2.15 (0.85; 5.41) | 2.18 (0.84; 5.67) |
| IL-10 [mean (pg/mL) = 35.6]* | |||||
| (n = 1.213) | (n = 110) | ||||
| 0 | 610 (46.1) | 95.1 | 4.9 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 482 (36.4) | 90.7 | 9.3 | 1.99 (1.23; 3.21) | 1.99 (1.22; 3.24) |
| 2 | 164 (12.4) | 88.4 | 11.6 | 2.53 (1.39; 4.63) | 2.45 (1.32; 4.55) |
| 3 | 67 (5.1) | 76.1 | 23.9 | 6.07 (3.10; 11.86) | 5.97 (2.97; 12.01) |
| IL-13 [mean (pg/mL) = 85.6]* | |||||
| (n = 826) | (n = 432) | ||||
| 0 | 542 (45.5) | 65.4 | 34.6 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 458 (36.4) | 66.6 | 33.4 | 0.95 (0.73; 1.23) | 0.96 (0.73; 1.24) |
| 2 | 152 (12.1) | 64.5 | 35.5 | 1.04 (0.72; 1.51) | 1.07 (0.73; 1.57) |
| 3 | 64 (5.0) | 64.1 | 35.9 | 1.06 (0.62; 1.82) | 1.10 (0.63; 1.91) |
#Crude logist analysis. ##Logist analysis adjusted for gender, age, maternal education and parental asthma. *Geometric mean; Numbers in bold are statistically significant at P < 0.05. OR – odds ratio. 95% CI – 95% confidence interval.