Table 3.
Overall of assessments used in COPD-ICP implementation study
| Domain | Type of assessment/outcomes | Pre-ICP implementation | Post-ICP implementation | Concurrent comparator group in COPD disease management registry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographics | Age, race, gender, nationality, postal code | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Disease | Disease type, disease duration | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Social-economics | Medisave, Medifund, Medical social worker referral | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Programme management | Programme enrolment date | ✓(baseline) | x | x |
| Quality of life | CAT score | ✓(baseline) | ✓ | x |
| Smoking history | Smoking status, number of years of smoking | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Key care elements | Refer to table 1 | ✓(baseline) | ✓ | ✓ |
| Disease severity (based on medication use) | Refer to the 2011 GOLD guidelines summary9 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Comorbidities and complication | Asthma | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Depression | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Congestive heart failure | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Diabetes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Hypertension | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| CKD stage 3–5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Stroke | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Dyslipidaemia | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Obesity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Others | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| COPD-related health service utilisation | Hospitalisation, average length of stay | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Number of encounters | Emergency department attendance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Specialist outpatient visit | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Primary care visit | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| COPD-related cost (DRG) | Direct cost | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Indirect cost | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Mortality | Rate of mortality | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Qualitative measures | Patient assessment of chronic illness care | ✓ | ✓ | x |
CAT, COPD assessment test; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD-ICP, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-integrated care pathway; DRG, diagnosis-related group.