Table 4. Systematic review of safety of epithelium removal (ER) corneal collagen crosslinking.
| Lead Author | Year | Eyes at latest follow-up (n) | Latest follow-up (months) | Failure to re-epithelialise (%) | Stromal oedema (%) | Sterile infiltrate (%) | Golden striae (%) | Haze (%) | Scar (%) | Infection (%) | Loss of CDVA (%) | ECC change (/mm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrawal V9 | 2009 | 37 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18.9 (7 of 37 eyes at 1 year) | — |
| Arora R70 | 2013 | 30 | 12 | — | 27 (8 of 30 eyes)a | 3 (1 of 30 eyes)a | — | 3 (1 of 30 eyes) | — | — | — | 4 (at 1 year) |
| Asri D69 | 2011 | 64 | 12 | — | 1.56 (1 of 64 eyes at 1 month) | — | — | 4.8% (5 of 104 eyes at 3 months) 1.9% (2 of 104 eyes at 6 months) 1.5% (1 of 64 eyes at 1 year) | 0.96% (1 of 104 eyes at 1 month) | — | 7.8% (5 of 64 eyes at 1 year) | −110 (at 1 year) |
| Caporossi A4 | 2010 | 44 | 48 | — | 70 (31 of 44 eyes within 6 weeks) | — | — | 9.8% (4 of 44 eyes within 3 months) | — | — | −19 (at 2 years) (mean loss of 2% per year) | |
| Caporossi A68 | 2012 | 152 | 36 | — | 55 | — | — | 9.80 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Ghanem R67 | 2013 | 42 | 24 | — | — | 2% (1 of 42 eyes) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greenstein S66 | 2010 | 31 | 12 | — | — | — | — | Unable due to author's own haze grading system | — | — | — | — |
| Greenstein S71 | 2011 | 54 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greenstein S7 | 2012 | 64 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greenstein S65 | 2012 | 46 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greenstein S64 | 2012 | 66 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Grewal D63 | 2009 | 102 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Guber I62 | 2013 | 33 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 (2 of 33 eyes) | — | 6 (2 of 33 eyes) | — |
| Hashemi H61 | 2013 | 40 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hassan Z60 | 2013 | 38 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hersh P10 | 2011 | 49 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hoyer A59 | 2009 | 35 | 36 | 0 | — | No data but seen in few eyes | — | — | 3% (1 of 35eyes) | — | — | |
| Ivarson A58 | 2013 | 28 | 22±8 (10–43) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| Jordan C57 | 2013 | 38 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kampik D56 | 2011 | 46 | 24 | 0% (46 eyes at 1 week) | — | — | — | 100% (46 eyes within 3 months) | — | — | 27% (12 of 46 eyes at 2 years) | 55 (at 2 years) |
| Kontadakis G55 | 2013 | 24 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kranitz K11 | 2012 | 25 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kymionis G54 | 2010 | 55 | 12 | 0 (0 of 55 eyes) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lamy R53 | 2013 | 68 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Legare M52 | 2013 | 39 | 24 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| Magli A51 | 2013 | 23 | 12 | 0 | 8 (2 of 23) | — | — | — | — | — | — | −24 (at 1 year) |
| Mastropasqua L36 | 2013 | 20 | 12 | — | 1.68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | No significant change- |
| Mazzotta C49 | 2008 | 44 | 36 | — | — | — | — | 11.4% (5 out of 44 eyes. Four within first 3 months and one after 6 months) | — | — | — | — |
| Mazzotta C50 | 2012 | 44 | 12 | 0 (0 of 44 eyes) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 (at 12 months) |
| Mencucci R48 | 2012 | 54 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| O'Brart D8 | 2011 | 24 | 18 | 0% (24 eyes at 1 week) | — | — | — | 100% (24 eyes within 6 months) | 0% (at 18 months) | 0% (at 18 months) | — | — |
| O'Brart D47 | 2013 | 30 | 48–72 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17% (5 of 29 eyes) | |
| Poli M46 | 2013 | 45 | 21.7±6.14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Specific data in keratoconic eyes not reported (2 eyes in entire study had microabcess) | — | No significant change |
| Raiskup-Wolf F44 | 2008 | 33 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Raiskup F45 | 2009 | 163 | 12 | — | — | — | — | 8.6% (14 of 163 eyes at 1 year) | — | — | — | — |
| Raiskup F5 | 2011 | 32 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Rechichi M43 | 2013 | 28 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | −15 (at 1 year) |
| Sloot F42 | 2013 | 53a | 21.5 (12–49) | — | — | 2% (1 of 53)a | — | — | — | 2% (1 of 53)a | — | — |
| Spoerl E41 | 2011 | 50 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Toprak I40 | 2013 | 59 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vinciguerra P37 | 2009 | 28 | 24 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | −53 (at 1 year) −131 (at 2years) | |
| Vinciguerra P38 | 2009 | 28 | 12 | — | — | — | 43.5% (12 of 28 eyes at 1 year) | 12.7 (4 of 28 eyes at 1 year) | — | — | — | −53 (at 1 year) |
| Vinciguerra P39 | 2010 | 24 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | −22 (at 1 year) |
| Vinciguerra P6 | 2012 | 40 | 24 | — | — | — | 62.0 (25 of 40 eyes) | 6.9 (3 of 40 eyes) | — | — | — | −32 (at 1 year) −12 (at 2 years) |
| Wittig-Silva C35 | 2014 | 50 | 36 | — | — | 4% (2 of 46 eyes) | — | — | — | — | — | 28 (at 1 year) 13 (at 2 years) −35 (at 3 years) |
Abbreviations: CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; ECC, endothelial cell count.
— indicates data not provided in published article.
a
Mean of all eyes in all groups.