Table 1.

Characteristics and outcomes for 21 patients treated for KPC-producing UTIs

Patient	Age (years)	Sex	ICU Patient	Transplant or Immuno- suppressed Patient	LTCF Patient	Hospital- Acquired Infection	Complicating Factors a(N)	Total LOS (days)	Causative Organism	Antibiotic Susceptibility	KPC Bacteremia	Polymicrobial Culture	Pyuria	Urinary Infection Type	Active Antibiotics Administered	Time to Appropriate Antibiotics (hours)	Urinary Catheter Changed or Removed	Prior Antibiotics During Admission	Response		Survived Hospitalization
																			Clinical	Microbiologic
1	61	F	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	5	23	KPN	S=GEN R=AMP, CEF, CFZ, CIP, CTX, MEM, NTF, T-S, P-T	No	No	Yes	CC	None	N/A	No	VAN, CEF	Uncertain	Positive	No
2	69	F	No	No	Yes	Yes	4	10	KPN	S=AMK, CST, DOX, GEN, IMI, TIG I=MIN, TOB R=AMP, A-S, AZT, CFZ, CEF, CIP, CLF, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	Yes, E. cloacae	Yes	CC	None	N/A	Yes	VAN, CIP, MET	Negative	Not Documented	No
3	76	M	Yes	No	No	Yes	4	115	KPN	I=GEN R=AMP, CFZ, CEF, CTX, CIP, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-S	Yes	Yes, P. aeruginosa	Yes	CC	None	N/A	No	MEM, P-T	Positive	Presumed	Yes
4	90	F	No	No	No	Yes	4	41	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, IMI, NTF, TOB I=CEF, MIN R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CLF, CTX, CIP, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CC	None	N/A	Yes	VAN, CEF, LNZ, CIP	Uncertain	Not Documented	Yes
5	61	F	No	Yes	No	No	2	6	CFR	S=CIP, GEN, NTF R=IMI, MEM, T-S	No	No	Yes	CC	CIP 250mg PO BID × 10d	4	Yes	None	Positive	Presumed	Yes
6	48	F	No	No	Yes	Yes	3	10	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, TOB I=MIN R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CEF, CLF, CIP, IMI, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CC	None	N/A	No	LNZ, CIP	Uncertain	Not Documented	Yes
7	73	F	Yes	No	Yes	No	3	8	KPN	S=AMK, CST, MIN I=GEN R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CEF, CLF, CIP, IMI, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, TOB, T-S	No	Yes, E. faecalis	Yes	CP	DOX 100mg PO BID × 5d	157	No	VAN, CEF, MET, LNZ	Positive	Presumed	Yes
8	63	F	No	No	Yes	No	3	5	KPN	S=GEN, IMI I=CEF, CIP R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	CIP 250mg PO BID × 7d	76	Yes	T-S	Positive	Presumed	Yes
9	55	M	No	No	Yes	No	4	24	KPN	S=AMK, CST, DOX, GEN, MIN, TIG, TOB I=CEF, CIP, IMI, NTF R=A-S, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	Yes	No	No	CC	-GEN 90mg IV × 1d -CST 150mg IV BID × 3d -DOX 100mg PO BID × 14d	312	Yes	MEM	Positive	Positive	Yes
10	56	M	No	No	Yes	No	8	12	KPN	S=AMK, CST, IMI, TIG I=GEN R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CEF, CTX, CLF, CIP, MEM, MIN, NTF, P-T, T-C, TOB, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	None	N/A	Yes	CEF, CIP, MEM, IMI	Negative	Not Documented	Yes
11	72	F	No	No	No	No	4	5	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, MIN, NTF, TIG I=CEF, CIP. TOB R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, IMI, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	GEN 200mg IV daily × 14d	8	N/A	None	Positive	Presumed	Yes
12	20	M	No	No	Yes	Yes	3	11	KPN	S=GEN R=AMP, AZT, CEF, CIP, CFX, CFZ, CTX, IMI, NTF, P-T, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	GEN 160mg IV daily × 7d	69	No	LNZ, CEF, MET	Positive	Presumed	Yes
13	55	F	No	No	No	Yes	3	42	KPN	S=AMK, CST, TIG I=CEF, CIP, GEN, MIN, NTF, TOB R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, IMI, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	CIP 400mg IV BID × 3d	20	Yes	VAN, CEF, MET, P-T	Positive	Presumed	Yes
14	52	F	No	Yes	No	No	3	4	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, MIN I=TOB R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CEF, CTX, CLF, CIP, IMI, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	None	N/A	N/A	CEF	Positive	Positive	Yes
15	52	M	No	No	No	No	2	10	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, TOB I=CEF, MIN R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, CIP, IMI, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	No	Yes	CC	GEN 325mg IV daily × 5d	84	N/A	AMO, VAN, CIP, A-S	Positive	Presumed	Yes
16	65	F	No	Yes	No	Yes	2	166	KPN	S=GEN R=AMP, CFZ, CFX, CEF, CIP, CTX, IMI, NTF, P-T, T-S	No	No	Yes	CC	GEN 250mg IV daily × 3d	106	N/A	VAN, CIP, CEF, LNZ, MET, IMI, CLI, T-S, CFX	Positive	Positive	No
17	85	F	No	No	Yes	No	2	14	KPN	S=AMK, CST, GEN, TOB, MIN, NTF, TIG I=CEF, CIP R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, IMI, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	Yes, A. urinae	Yes	CC	NTF 100mg PO BID × 10d	94	Yes	MOX, MET	Positive	Positive	Yes
18	71	F	No	No	Yes	No	2	10	KPN	S=GEN I=NTF R=AMP, CFZ, CEF, CTX, CIP, MEM, P-T, T-S	No	No	Yes	CP	-NTF 100mg PO BID × 4d -GEN 100mg IV daily × 16d	22	N/A	None	Positive	Presumed	Yes
19	78	M	No	No	No	No	3	4	KPN	S=AMK, GEN, MIN, TOB I=CEF, CIP, IMI, NTF R=AMP, AZT, CFZ, CTX, CLF, MEM, P-T, T-C, T-S	No	Yes, P. mirabilis	Yes	CC	CIP 250mg PO BID × 2d	16	N/A	None	Positive	Presumed	Yes
20	42	F	No	No	No	No	4	17	KPN	S=AMK, CST, DOX, GEN, MIN, TIG, TOB R=AMP, A-S, AZT, CFZ, CEF, CTX, CLF, CIP, IMI, MEM, NTF, P-T, T-C, T-S	Yes	Yes, A. baumannii	Yes	CP	-DOX 100mg PO BID × 5d -TIG 50mg IV BID × 11d -CST 100mg IV BID × 7d	170	Yes	CIP, NTF	Positive	Negative	Yes
21	66	F	No	No	Yes	No	3	18	KPN	S=GEN I=CIP, NTF R=AMP, CFZ, CEF, CTX, MEM, P-T, T-C	No	No	Yes	CC	GEN 350mg IV daily × 8d	21	No	LNZ, P-T	Positive	Positive	No

Abbreviation: AMO, amoxicillin; AMK, amikacin; AMP, ampicillin; A-S, ampicillin-sulbactam; AZT, aztreonam; CC, complicated cystitis; CEF, cefepime; CFR, Citrobacter freundii; CFX, cefoxitin; CFZ, cefazolin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLI, clindamycin; CLF, chloramphenicol; CP, complicated pyelonephritis; CST, colistin; CTX, ceftriaxone; DOX, doxycycline; GEN, gentamicin; ICU, intensive care unit; IMI, imipenem; KPN, Klebsiella pneumoniae; LNZ, linezolid; LOS, length-of-stay; MEM, meropenem; MET, metronidazole; MIN, minocycline; MOX, moxifloxacin; N/A, not applicable; NTF, nitrofurantoin; P-T, piperacillin-tazobactam; T-C, ticarcillin-clavulanate; TIG, tigecycline; TOB, tobramycin; T-S, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; VAN, vancomycin

^aComplicating Factors are as defined by Neal [16]: Indwelling urinary catheter ≥ 48hrs, urinary tract obstruction, male sex, age < 12 years, diabetes mellitus, CrCL < 30mL/min, immunosuppression, urolithiasis, urinary tract surgery, voiding dysfunction, urethral valves, vesicoureteral reflux, pregnancy, and nosocomial acquisition (> 48 hours after admission or direct admission from a long-term care facility)