Table 3.

Effect of smoking on the repair kinetic in forty non-cancer controls. Whole blood of 17 smokers and 23 non-/ex-smokers embedded in agarose was exposed to 9 Gy gamma radiation following overnight storage at 4 °C. 9-0, 9 Gy 0 minutes of repair; 9-15, 9 Gy 15 minutes of repair; 9-45, 9 Gy 45 minutes of repair; % Repair for 0 to 15 and 15 to 45 minutes was calculated as described in the methods section. P-values are based on a two sided t-test.

Dose (Gy) - Repair (min)	9-0	9-15	9-45	% Repair 0 to 15	% Repair 15 to 45
Non-Smokers (4) and Ex-Smokers (19)
Mean	41.83	24.69	15.84	40.98	21.26
SEM	1.94	1.37	1.14	2.13	1.82
Smokers (17)
Mean	40.90	20.76	12.31	50.30	21.09
SEM	3.11	1.98	1.34	2.74	2.18
T-Test
p-value	0.27	0.40	0.18	0.01	0.95