Table 2. Summary of Voxel-Based Morphometry Results.
Contrast | Region | BA | Cluster voxels | Peak Z | x | y | z | Post hoc regression (PTSD only) | Std. beta | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control>PTSD | R. ant. vmPFC | 10, 11 | 504 | 4.47 | 16 | 62 | −2 | Age PTSD duration | −0.451 −0.661 | 0.009 0.018 |
R. fusiform gyrus | 20, 36 | 649 | 4.42 | 52 | −24 | −26 | Avoidance/numbing | 0.522 | 0.090 | |
L. fusiform gyrus | 20, 36 | 449 | 4.25 | −48 | −31 | −20 | — | |||
L. occipital cortex | 18, 19 | 620 | 4.30 | −36 | −93 | 1 | Num. trauma types | −0.739 | 0.013 | |
L. occipital cortex | 18, 19 | 379 | 4.13 | −46 | −82 | −12 | — | |||
Group × age: control>PTSD | R. ant. hippocampus | — | 94 | 3.58 | 32 | −12 | −17 | Age Re-experiencing Hyperarousal PTSD duration Time since trauma | −0.574 −0.364 0.376 −0.543 0.682 | 0.003 0.089 0.074 0.060 0.058 |
Cluster B-re-experiencing symptoms (−) | R. sgACC | 25, 32, 10 | 282 | 3.74 | 3 | 20 | −11 | Re-experiencing Avoidance/numbing Hyperarousal | −0.707 0.568 −0.296 | <0.001 0.003 0.057 |
R. ant. hippocampus | — | 51 | 3.51 | 38 | −15 | −27 | Re-experiencing Avoidance/numbing Hyperarousal | −0.701 0.721 0.308 | <0.001 <0.001 0.043 |
Abbreviations: sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
Clusters shown survived cluster thresholding (corrected α⩽0.05) within a priori search regions of the medial prefrontal cortex or amygdala/hippocampus complex. Additional clusters outside of these regions surviving whole-brain correction are also displayed. Peak coordinates (x, y, and z) are based on the MNI atlas in RAI orientation. All analyses included age and sex as covariates. The association with DSM-IV cluster B symptoms was conducted as part of a multivariate regression, including cluster C and D symptoms of PTSD. Post hoc analysis was performed within the PTSD group on extracted cluster data using multivariate regression to examine relationships with PTSD and trauma exposure measures. The model included age, sex, DSM-IV PTSD B/C/D symptoms, PTSD duration, number of trauma types endorsed, and time elapsed since the initial index trauma. Significant or trend-level findings are displayed.