Table 4.
Effects of treatments on GPx, SOD, MDA and TNF-α
| Parameters | Placebo (n = 49) | Whey protein (n = 50) | Corn peptides (n = 47) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPx (U/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 190.48 ± 3.88 | 184.01 ± 4.79 | 187.15 ± 4.29 | 0.571A |
| ∆9 weeks | 4.86 ± 2.63a | 9.82 ± 2.60a | 24.97 ± 2.68b | <0.001B |
| SOD (U/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 33.78 (28.59 - 36.64) | 33.33 (24.88 - 38.55) | 29.33 (25.53 - 34.19) | 0.065C |
| ∆9 weeks | -0.16 ± 0.72a | 1.42 ± 0.70a | 7.83 ± 0.73b | <0.001B |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 4.70 (4.36 - 5.30) | 4.78 (4.24 - 5.30) | 4.64 (4.39 - 5.25) | 0.992C |
| ∆9 weeks | -0.08 ± 0.05a | -0.20 ± 0.05a | -0.41 ± 0.05b | <0.001B |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 95.85 (78.25 - 110.67) | 83.24 (68.58 - 121.55) | 104.10 (73.55 - 125.62) | 0.228C |
| ∆9 weeks | -4.65 ± 2.17a | -7.69 ± 2.15a | -25.56 ± 2.22b | <0.001B |
GPx, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde.
Values are means ± SE (baseline, normal distribution), medians with interquartile ranges in parentheses (baseline, skewed distribution) or least square means ± SE (change values). a,bMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05; ANCOVA followed by the least significant difference test). AANOVA F-test. BANCOVA with baseline values as a covariate. CKruskal-Wallis H test.