Table 2.

Histological analysis of retinas in the absence or presence of LPS

		PS	ONL	OPL	INL	IPL	Cell number in GCL/200 μm
Control	Centre	24.1 ± 0.9	34.6 ± 0.7	11.3 ± 1.4	17.4 ± 2.6	34.5 ± 1.2	15.3 ± 0.3
	Periphery	22.4 ± 1.2	26.5 ± 0.2	9.4 ± 0.6	10.8 ± 1.5	19.0 ± 0.9	9.0 ± 0.4
LPS	Centre	14.3 ± 0.6**	26.1 ± 0.9**	6.4 ± 0.9*	9.6 ± 0.5*	36.0 ± 0.6**	8.3 ± 0.5**
	Periphery	7.3 ± 0.8**	15.8 ± 0.5*	6.8 ± 1.7	6.8 ± 0.8	9.2 ± 0.3**	5.3 ± 0.7**
LPS + Mel 12 h	Centre	21.49 ± 1.3††	28.5 ± 1.8**	8.5 ± 0.47	14.9 ± 1.2	32.8 ± 2.6††	13.3 ± 1.1††
	Periphery	19.7 ± 2.2††	25.6 ± 1.1†	9.6 ± 0.5	11.8 ± 1.7	22.5 ± 2.7††	8.7 ± 0.3††
LPS + Mel 24 h	Centre	22.3 ± 0.9††	28.3 ± 0.3**	7.9 ± 0.8	20.1 ± 1.4††	34.6 ± 1.2††	13.7 ± 0.9††
	Periphery	23.2 ± 1.7††	25.7 ± 4.22†	6.9 ± 0.9	10.3 ± 1.9	22.8 ± 1.9††	9.3 ± 0.9††

Retinal layer thicknesses (in μm) from eyes injected with vehicle or LPS in the presence or absence of melatonin. At 8 days post-injection, the intravitreal injection of LPS induced a significant decrease in all retinal layer thickness in the central retina, and in most of retinal layer thickness at the periphery, whereas both treatments with melatonin (Mel 12 h and Mel 24 h) significantly reduced the effect of LPS on most of these parameters. A similar profile was observed for GCL cell number. GCL, ganglion cell layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; PS, photoreceptor outer and inner segment. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 5 eyes per group).

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01 versus vehicle-injected eyes;

^††P < 0.01,

^†P < 0.05, versus LPS-injected eyes in the absence of melatonin, by Tukey's test.