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. 2014 Nov 24;171(24):5858–5869. doi: 10.1111/bph.12890

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Caffeine and PDE1 inhibitor IBMX lengthen circadian period in MEFs. (A) Representative detrended data for cells treated with water as vehicle (VEH) or 1 mM caffeine (CAF). (B) Effect of caffeine on period of rhythmic PER2::LUC expression in MEFs. The distance between peaks 1 and 3 was multiplied by 0.5 to obtain period length. (C) Effect of caffeine on amplitude of oscillatory PER2::LUC bioluminescence. (D) The period was increased by treatment with IBMX, caffeine or both compared with cells treated with the VEH dimethyl sulfoxide. (E) Amplitude of PER2::LUC bioluminescence oscillations was increased by treatment with IBMX. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 versus VEH or caffeine 0 mM; *P < 0.05 versus 1 mM caffeine; Tukey's test. All values are expressed as mean + SEM (n = 4 per group). The length α in (A) represents the amplitude of PER2::LUC expression.