Table 1.
Summary of caffeine action
| MEF | Ex vivo | In vivo | In vivo | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCN | Liver | IVIS | Locomotor | ||
| Free running | ↑ | − | ↑ | ↑ | − |
| Amplitude | ↓ | − | − | −↓ | − |
| Phase shift | + | − | + | + | Not yet |
↑, increase; ↓, decrease; +, effective; −, no effect.
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