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. 2013 Nov 1;201(3):825–836. doi: 10.1111/nph.12571

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© 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Microscopic analysis of rga-28 gai-td1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0) pollen development. (a–j) Sections through wild-type (a, c, e, g, i) and rga-28 gai-td1 (Col-0) (b, d, f, h, j) anthers, encompassing developmental stages 5–6 (a, b), 7 (c, d), 8–9 (e, f), 11 (g, h) and 13 (i, j), as defined by Sanders et al. (1999). E, endothecium; dM, degenerating microspore; dT, degenerating tapetum; M, microspore; P, pollen; PMC, pollen mother cell; T, tapetum; Td, tetrad. (k–u) 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence imaging of pollen nuclei in wild-type (k, m, o, q, s, u) and rga-28 gai-td1 (Col-0) (l, n, p, r, t) during development, showing tetrad formation (k–n), free unicellular microspores (o, p), polarized microspores (q), bicellular pollen (s) and mature tricellular pollen (u). rga-28 gai-td1 (Col-0) microspores do not polarize (p), and subsequently degenerate (r, t).