Fig. 5.

Brusatol sensitizes mammalian cells to chemical stress. ATP content in Hepa-1c1c7 cells exposed to 300 nM brusatol for the indicated times, followed by the indicated concentrations of (A) DNCB for 6 h, (B) IAA for 6 h, or (C) NAPQI for 12 h is shown. ATP levels are expressed as a percentage of the ATP content of vehicle-exposed cells. Data represent the mean + SD of n=3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t test (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs vehicle control).