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. 2015 Jan;13(1):41–48. doi: 10.1370/afm.1714

Table 3.

Associations Between Airflow Limitation According to Various Definitions and Outcomes

Outcome FR+/LLN−a (n = 297) FR+/LLN+ (n = 532)
Chronic cough 1.00 1.81 (1.24–2.65)
Chronic phlegm 1.00 2.13 (1.41–3.21)
Chronic bronchitis 1.00 1.98 (1.12–3.48)
Wheeze 1.00 2.11 (1.52–2.93)
MRC dyspnea scaleb 1.00 2.04 (1.48–2.81)
SF-12 Physical scalec 1.00 −2.39 (<.01)
SF-12 Mental scalec 1.00 −1.10 (.11)
Exacerbation 1.00 1.43 (1.01–2.02)
Cardiovascular disease 1.00 0.79 (0.55–1.13)

FR = fixed ratio; LLN = lower limit of normal; MRC = Medical Research Council; SF-12 = Short Form 12-item health survey.

Notes: Multiple logistic regression, except as otherwise noted. All models adjusted for age-group (<60 years), sex, and ever smoking. Data are presented as odds ratios (95% CI) or parameter estimate (P value) from regression analysis.

a

Reference group.

b

Ordinal logistic analysis.

c

Multiple linear regression analysis.