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. 2014 Dec 1;112(1):100–105. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413764111

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

A pH gradient is not required for vacuole fusion. (A) ALP and β-lactamase fusion reactions were performed in parallel, using standard inhibitors or 200 nM MBP, 200 nM MBP-VopQ, or 500 nM bafilomycin. Maximal fusion was defined as the extent of fusion of the no-inhibitor reaction; error bars indicate SD from the mean; n = 3. (B) Schematic diagram of the mechanism of action of the ionophores used. (C) Proton translocation activity of vacuoles was assayed in the absence or presence of ATP, α-Vam3p, 500 nM bafilomycin, 1 µM valinomycin, 1 µM nigericin, or combinations of ionophores and bafilomycin. Curves are representative of three independent experiments. (D) ALP and β-lactamase fusion reactions were performed in parallel, using a combination of ionophores at the concentrations used in C. Maximal fusion was defined as the no-inhibitor reaction. Error bars indicate SD from the mean; n = 3.