Table 1.
Some key discoveries in endocytic trafficking
| Year | Mechanistic milestones | Discoverers |
|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Identification of shibirets (dynamin) mutant in Drosophila | D. Suzuki and C. Poodry |
| 1974–1976 | Zipper mechanism for phagocytosis | S. Silverstein |
| 1975–1976 | Isolation of CCVs, purification of clathrin | B. Pearse |
| 1982–1984 | Phosphomannose, M6PR, and lysosomal targeting | W. Sly, S. Kornfeld, E. Neufeld, G. Sahagian |
| 1983–1984 | Isolation of clathrin adapters/localization to distinct membranes | J. Keen, B. Pearse, M. Robinson |
| 1986 | Isolation of endocytosis mutants (End) in yeast | H. Riezman |
| 1986–1987 | Isolation of vacuolar protein sorting mutants in yeast | S. Emr, T. Stevens |
| 1986 | Endosome fusion in vitro | J. Gruenberg and K. Howell |
| 1986 | EGF and insulin receptor signaling from endosomes | J. Bergeron and B. Posner |
| 1986 | Macropinocytosis induced in stimulated cells | D. Bar-Sagi and J. Feramisco |
| 1987 | Endocytic sorting motifs (FxNPxY, YxxF) | M. Brown and J. Goldstein, I. Trowbridge, T. McGraw |
| 1987–1989 | Cloning of CHC, CLC, AP2 | T. Kirchhausen, M. Robinson |
| 1988 | Isolation of biochemically distinct early and late endosomes | S. Schmid and I. Mellman |
| 1989–1991 | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis reconstituted in vitro | E. Smythe, G. Warren, S. Schmid |
| 1990 | Localization of endosomal Rab5 and Rab7 | P. Chavrier, R. Parton, M. Zerial |
| 1991 | Endosome to trans-Golgi network (TGN) transport reconstituted in vitro | S. Pfeffer |
| 1992 | Rab5 and Rab4 as early endocytic regulators in vivo | M. Zerial, R. Parton, I. Mellman |
| 1992–1995 | Caveolin/VIP21 identified as caveolar coat protein | R. Anderson, T. Kurzchalia, R. Parton, K. Simons |
| 1992 | Vacuolar fusion reconstituted in vitro | W. Wickner |
| 1992–1994 | Trigger mechanism for phagocytosis of bacteria | S. Falkow, J. Galán, J. Swanson |
| 1993 | Actin’s role in endocytosis in yeast | H. Riezman |
| 1993 | Isolation of autophagy mutants (Atg) in yeast | Y. Ohsumi |
| 1993 | PI3 kinase activity (PI3P) and endosome function | S. Emr |
| 1993 | Dynamin’s role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis | R. Vallee, S. Schmid |
| 1995 | Dynamin assembles into rings | S. Schmid, P. De Camilli |
| 1996 | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis requirement for signaling | S. Schmid |
| 1996 | Long distance retrograde transport of signaling endosomes in neurons | W. Mobley |
| 1996 | PI5 phosphatase activity (PI(4,5)P2) and clathrin-mediated endocytosis | P. De Camilli |
| 1996 | Ubiquitin-dependent sorting in endocytosis | R. Haguenauer-Tsapis; L. Hicke and H. Riezman |
| 1997 | AP3 and endosomal/lysosomal sorting | J. Bonifacino, S. Robinson |
| 1998 | FYVE fingers bind to PI3P | H. Stenmark |
| 1998 | LBPA in MVB biogenesis | T. Kobayashi, R. Parton, J. Gruenberg |
| 1997–1998 | Sorting nexins | G. Gill, S. Emr |
| 1998 | Structural basis for Y-based sorting signal recognition | D. Owen |
| 1998 | Retromer coat and endosome to TGN sorting | S. Emr |
| 1998 | β-Propeller structure of clathrin heavy chain terminal domain | T. Kirchhausen and S. Harrison |
| 1998 | Cargo-specific subpopulations of clathrin-coated pits | M. von Zastrow |
| 1999 | Structure of the clathrin coat protein superhelical motifs | J. Ybe and F. Brodsky |
| 1999 | Imaging green fluorescent protein–clathrin in living cells | J. Keen |
| 1999 | Biochemical purification of Rab5 effectors | S. Christoforidis and M. Zerial |
| 1999 | Genetic screen for endocytosis mutants in C. elegans | B. Grant |
| 2000 | Role of endocytosis in establishing morphogenic gradients | M. Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.M. Cohen |
| 2000 | Identification of GGA coats and lysosomal sorting | J. Bonifacino, S. Kornfeld, M. Robinson |
| 2000 | Identification of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery for multivesicular body (MVB) formation | S. Emr |
| 2001 | Ubiquitin-dependent sorting into MVBs | R. Piper, S. Emr, H. Pelham |
| 2002 | Structure of the AP2 core | D. Owen |
| 2003 | Lipid conjugation of LC3/Atg8 | Y. Ohsumi |
| 2003–2004 | siRNA studies of endocytic components | S. Robinson, E. Ungewickell, A. Sorkin |
| 2004 | BAR domains and membrane curvature generation | H. McMahon, P. De Camilli |
| 2004 | 8-Å structure of a complete clathrin coat | T. Kirchhausen and S. Harrison |
| 2005 | Modular design of yeast endocytosis machinery | D. Drubin and M. Kaksonen |
| 2005 | Kinome-wide RNAi analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) | M. Zerial and L. Pelkmans |
| 2006–2008 | Reconstitution of dynamin-mediated membrane fission | A. Roux, P. De Camilli, S. Schmid, J. Zimmerberg, V. Frolov |
| 2007 | Glycosphingolipid-induced endocytosis | L. Johannes |
| 2009 | Reconstitution of Rab- and SNARE-dependent vacuolar and endosome fusion from purified components | W. Wickner, M. Zerial |
| 2010 | Cavins as major caveolae coat components | R. Parton; B. Nichols |
| 2010 | Reconstitution of ESCRT-dependent internal vesicle formation | T. Wollert and J. Hurley |
| 2012 | Reconstitution of CCV formation from minimal components | E. Ungewickell |