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Morphine, but not naltrexone induced withdrawal symptoms in mice that had been transfected with MOR-S196ACSTA in the spinal cord and with SNL. Withdrawal symptoms were assessed for 30 min at 22 and 46 h after the last drug treatment (S, saline; N, naltrexone, M, morphine). Data shown are means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001, significantly different from SNL-saline; one-way anova and Newman–Keuls test.
