Table 2.

Prenatal and subsequent postnatal features of cardiac abnormalities in Costello syndrome.

Group I n=98	Group II n= 107	Group III n=17	Outcome of respective patients
Prenatal findings			Subsequent postnatal
Siwik et al., 1998 35 weeks, male VSD, small (nos)			VSD, perimem Severe HCM, BVH Frequent PACs
Gripp et al., 2002 Case 2 33 weeks, female Tachycardia			EAT
Gripp et al., 2002 Case 3 37 weeks, female PAT			SubPS HCM Atrial fibrillation
Dickson, et al., 2004 35 weeks, male Arrhythmia (nos)			Coarctation Abnormal aortic valve HCM “Multiple SVTs”, CAR1
	Lin et al., 2008 Case 42 (Estep et al., 2006) Tachycardia nos		HCM
(Previously reported in Berberich et al., 1990; Johnson et al, 1998 Case 4)		Natural history study case 11 Term, male SVT	PS, BAV HCM SVT
(Previously reported in Gripp et al., 2006; Lin et al., 2008)		Natural history study case 12 34 weeks male PACs	EAT, PAT, MAT, SVT, CAR
		New case 1 36 weeks male SVT, PACs	PSV SVT, EAT, MAT, CAR
		New case 2 32 weeks, female PACs	Sinus tachycardia with PACs and VT (or atrial tachy with aberrant conduction)
		New case 3 36 weeks, female SVT	SVT, wandering atrial pacemaker, CAT,

¹The postnatal arrhythmias were re-evaluated by the authors of the original paper and A.E.L. and C.B. who reviewed the original electrocardiograph tracings (Dickson et al., 2001, personal correspondence). Chaotic atrial rhythm was present.

BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; BVH, biventricular hypertrophy; CAR, chaotic atrial rhythm; CAT, chaotic atrial tachycardia; EAT, ectopic atrial tachycardia; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; NOS, not otherwise specified; NS, not stated; PACs, premature atrial contractions; PAT, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia; PS, pulmonic stenosis; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VSD, perimem, Ventricular septal defect, perimembranous; VT, ventricular tachycardia