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. 2015 Jan 13;10(1):e0115979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115979

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© 2015 Sun et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The pairwise variation (Vn/Vn+1) was analyzed by the geNorm software to determine the optimal number of reference genes included in the qRT-PCR analysis. Average value of pairwise variations (V) dictates whether inclusion of an extra reference gene would add to the stability of the normalization factor.