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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2014 Dec 4;198:62–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.018

Figure 5. Schematic of triglyceride micro-emulsion reversal of acute pharmacotoxicity.

Figure 5

(A) Drug X can cause toxicity by several mechanisms including blocking of ion channels preventing conduction and depolarization in cardiac and nervous tissue, or by interference with mitochondrial energy production. (B) Acute toxicity can result in rapid asystole and cardiovascular collapse. (C) Triglyceride (Tg) micro-emulsion can scavenge drug X out of tissue, thereby alleviating the blockage of key inotropic channels. (D) Below a threshold tissue toxin concentration, cardiac output can recover with return of cardiovascular function. (E) Subsequently, triglycerides from the micro-emulsion can be clipped and processed to fatty-acids to provide energetic substrates for ATP production, thereby improving cardiac performance (F) With the added modulation, cardiovascular function continues to improve above that seen with only a scavenging effect. (G) Drug X is redistributed to the skeletal muscle and to the liver where it is conjugated to permit excretion.