Fig. 2.

The relationship between 2D:4D and facial shape represented as 3D surface warps. The center image in the top and bottom row represents an average face from our sample. The facial models on either end of the continuum represent deformations based on the regression of 2D:4D on the shape coordinates. The surface warping was created using the program Landmark v3.6 (see text for URL) by applying deformation vectors derived from the shape regression of 22 landmarks to the entire facial surface.