BBB permeability is not affected by manipulations of glymphatic clearance. a, b, Fluorescent imaging of brain Evans Blue (a) reveals that there are no demonstrable differences in BBB permeability among mice receiving TBI alone and those receiving a TBI superimposed with aquaporin-4 knock-out (AQP4KO), cisterna magna cisternotomy (CMC), acetazolamide (ACZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment, or sleep deprivation (SD) (b). All graphs represent mean ± SEM. n.s., Not significant. *p < 0.05 versus control (one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc analysis). **p < 0.01 versus control (one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc analysis). n = 4 or 5 mice per group.