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. 2014 Nov 12;1(1):ENEURO.0005-14.2014. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0005-14.2014

Figure 2.

Figure 2

On-demand optogenetic intervention in PV-HR animals. a, Crossing PV-Cre mice with mice expressing in a Cre-dependent manner the inhibitory opsin halorhodopsin (HR) produces mice expressing HR in PV-expressing neurons, including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Light delivery to cerebellar slices from PV-HR mice produces strong inhibition, capable of inhibiting Purkinje cell firing induced by direct current injected. b, Light delivery inhibits spontaneous firing of a Purkinje cell recorded juxtacellularly in vivo. Orange bars denote light delivery. Green trace indicates detected spikes. Blue trace illustrates the change in firing frequency (50 ms sliding window). The asterisk marks a complex spike. In vivo on-demand intervention in PV-HR animals directed to the cerebellar cortex ipsilateral (c) or contralateral (d) to previous hippocampal kainate injection reduced postdetection seizure duration in opsin-expressing, but not opsin-negative (e) animals. f, Both short and long light pulses were effective at stopping seizures. g, In contrast, light delivery to the hippocampus in PV-HR animals did not affect seizure duration. dur red, Duration reduction. Scale bars: a, 500 ms, 20 mV; b, 50 ms; top, 4 mV; bottom, 100 Hz change in firing rate.