Table 8.

Selected studies of adipokines in DISH-related disorders.

Author	Patients	Criteria	Methods	Result	Comment
Shirakura et al. [2000] [74]	32M/17F patients with OSL; 37M/32F age and BMI-matched controls	Patients with OSL identified -no criteria	Serum leptin and insulin	Leptin and insulin significantly elevated in female but not male OSL patients	The elevated leptin in females with OSL may link to insulin. The significance of this observation is unclear. No positive findings in males.
Ikeda et al. [2011] [75]	68M/57F patients with OSL; 35M/27F age and BMI-matched controls	Patients with OSL identified -no criteria	Serum leptin, insulin	Leptin and insulin significantly elevated in females corrected for BMI, but not male OSL patients	Elevated leptin and insulin correlated with extent of spinal ossification in females. Inconclusive associations with bone turnover. No positive findings in males.

OSL = ossification of spinal ligaments, BMI = body mass index.