Table 2.
Characteristics of the Hyperglycemic and Euglycemic Group
| Hyperglycemic Group (n = 479) |
Euglycemic Group (n = 368) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cIMT ≥ 1.2(n = 165) | cIMT < 1.2(n = 314) | p | cIMT ≥ 1.2(n = 80) | cIMT < 1.2(n = 288) | p | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 98 (41.7) | 137 (58.3) | .001* | 52 (26.1) | 147 (73.9) | .027* |
| Women | 67 (27.5) | 177 (72.5) | 28 (16.6) | 141 (83.4) | ||
| Age, yr | 73.04 ± 8.34 | 70.68 ± 8.63 | .004* | 73.07 ± 8.07 | 68.55 ± 9.03 | <.001* |
| Educational level, yr | ||||||
| ≤9 | 94 (33.7) | 185 (66.3) | .681 | 54 (24.7) | 165 (75.3) | .100 |
| >9 | 71 (35.5) | 129 (64.5) | 26 (17.4) | 123 (82.6) | ||
| Family income | ||||||
| Low | 13 (29.5) | 31 (70.5) | .265 | 5 (17.9) | 23 (82.1) | .813 |
| Average | 126 (33.7) | 248 (66.3) | 65 (22.4) | 225 (77.6) | ||
| High | 26 (43.3) | 34 (56.7) | 10 (20.0) | 40 (80.0) | ||
| Triglycerides | 2.52 ± 2.57 | 2.79 ± 2.23 | .231 | 1.933 ± 0.931 | 1.97 ± 1.83 | .843 |
| Lipoprotein | ||||||
| High density | 1.29 ± 0.31 | 1.35 ± 0.33 | .062 | 1.253 ± 0.276 | 1.40 ± 0.39 | <.001* |
| Low density | 2.95 ± 1.07 | 2.86 ± 0.97 | .354 | 2.983 ± 0.652 | 2.81 ± 0.92 | .056 |
| Fasting blood glucose | 7.58 ± 2.66 | 7.13 ± 2.64 | .079 | 5.173 ± 0.373 | 5.19 ± 0.41 | .802 |
| Body mass index | 26.47 ± 3.39 | 25.85 ± 3.73 | .073 | 26.241 ± 3.220 | 25.31 ± 4.09 | .061 |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.92 ± 0.064 | 0.91 ± 0.083 | .071 | 0.913 ± 0.0615 | 0.88 ± 0.087 | .004* |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 93 (43.9) | 119 (56.1) | <.001* | 44 (27.8) | 114 (72.2) | .014* |
| No | 72 (27.0) | 195 (73.0) | 36 (17.1) | 174 (82.9) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Yes | 71 (45.5) | 85 (54.5) | <.001* | 36 (27.5) | 95 (72.5) | .047* |
| No | 94 (29.1) | 229 (70.9) | 44 (18.6) | 193 (81.4) | ||
| No. of lost teeth | 4.72 ± 4.89 | 3.72 ± 4.45 | .029* | 4.425 ± 4.844 | 3.46 ± 4.22 | .108 |
| Plaque index | 1.87 ± 0.52 | 1.70 ± 0.52 | .001* | 1.757 ± 0.492 | 1.54 ± 0.46 | <.001* |
| Probing depth | 2.90 ± 0.87 | 2.77 ± 0.75 | .080 | 2.739 ± 0.807 | 2.67 ± 0.80 | .521 |
| Bleeding index | 2.04 ± 0.54 | 2.06 ± 0.56 | .755 | 1.976 ± 0.520 | 1.99 ± 0.56 | .866 |
| Attachment loss | 3.13 ± 1.71 | 2.53 ± 1.57 | <.001* | 2.662 ± 1.739 | 2.30 ± 1.57 | .074 |
| 3% | 57.23 ± 26.99 | 46.52 ± 27.67 | <.001* | 47.97 ± 28.54 | 42.64 ± 28.09 | .136 |
| 4% | 40.07 ± 29.08 | 31.26 ± 26.58 | .001* | 32.96 ± 28.28 | 27.77 ± 25.85 | .121 |
| 5% | 28.18 ± 27.28 | 20.75 ± 23.27 | .003* | 22.38 ± 24.77 | 17.43 ± 21.40 | .078 |
| 6% | 16.38 ± 11.09 | 11.09 ± 17.03 | .009* | 12.78 ± 19.81 | 8.68 ± 15.82 | .091 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic | 137.97 ± 18.57 | 131.87 ± 16.86 | <.001* | 140.071 ± 16.079 | 130.71 ± 18.58 | <.001* |
| Diastolic | 81.13 ± 11.72 | 79.36 ± 10.28 | .089 | 81.967 ± 10.926 | 80.56 ± 11.16 | .316 |
| Maximal cIMT | 1.38 ± 0.17 | 0.98 ± 0.13 | <.001* | 1.400 ± 0.183 | 0.96 ± 0.14 | <.001* |
Values in n (%) or mean ± SD.
cIMT, carotid intima–media wall thickness.