Table 1.
Origins of IMO (International Maritime Organization) D2 Standards and fish pathogenic bacteria used for evaluation of the bactericidal activity of pH 10.0, pH 11.0 and pH 12.0 tryptic soy broth (TSB; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD) adjusted with 5 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
| Bacterial isolate | Origin or source |
|---|---|
| IMO D2 Standards indicators | |
| Escherichia coli NM554 | Provided by Dr. R.K. Cooper, II, Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA |
| E. coli JM109 | Provided by Dr. R.K. Cooper, II, Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA |
| E. coli HB101 | Provided by Dr. T. Aoki, Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan |
| E. coli 1932 | Provided by Dr. R.E. Wooley, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA [47] |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Striped bass Morone saxatilis; Delaware Bay, USA; 2004 |
| Vibrio cholera | Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus; New Mexico, USA; 1998 |
| Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria | |
| Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida 3.139 | Atlantic salmon Salmo salar; West Virginia, USA; 1998 |
| A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida F1 | Brown trout Salmo trutta; Maryland, USA; 2007 |
| A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida F2 | Brown trout Salmo trutta; Maryland, USA; 2007 |
| A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida K1 | Brown trout Salmo trutta; Maryland, USA; 2007 |
| Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria T2 | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. veronii bv. sobria T6a | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. veronii bv. sobria T13b | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| Aeromonas hydrophila F15b | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. hydrophila T21b | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. hydrophila F21a | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| Aeromonas caviae F4 | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. caviae T13a | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| A. caviae T4 | Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena; Alabama, USA; 2008 [48] |
| Edwardsiella ictaluri 6051 | Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus; Mississippi, USA; 1984 [37] |
| E. ictaluri 6075 | Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus; Mississippi, USA; 1987 [37] |
| E. ictaluri Bio027 K | Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus; Mississippi, USA; 1992 [37] |
| Yersinia ruckeri 11.34 | Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; Colorado, USA; 1977 |
| Y. ruckeri 11.40 | Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; North Carolina, USA; 1978 |
| Y. ruckeri 11.47 | Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; Colorado, USA; 1978 |
| Serratia liquefaciens | Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus; West Virginia, USA; 2000 [35] |
| Serratia marcescens | National Fish Health Research Laboratory Collection; origin unknown |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; Nevada, USA; 1991 [23] |
| Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria | |
| Staphylococcus sp. | White sucker Catostomus commersonii; West Virginia, USA; 2009 |
| Carnobacterium sp. | Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; Idaho, USA; 1989 [36] |
| Bacillus sp. | National Fish Health Research Laboratory Collection; origin unknown |