. 2013 Nov 8;5(6):671–684. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.10.004

Table 3.

Protective effects of bee pollen and propolis against acute malathion exposure (5 ppm) induced different types of chromosomal aberrations in fish head kidney cells of Oreochromis niloticus.

Treatment classes		Group abbrev.	Types of chromosomal aberrations							TCA	Reduction%
Treatment classes		Group abbrev.	Gap	Break	Deletion	Fragment	C.A	End.	Aneuploidy	TCA	Reduction%
Class I: Malathion Non-exposed	Control + 0 ppm Mal.	C	0.80 ± 0.37c	0.00 ± 0.00c	0.40 ± 0.24c	0.80 ± 0.37c	1.60 ± 0.68c	0.00 ± 0.00b	3.40 ± 0.40a	7.00 ± 1.05c
	Pollen + 0 ppm Mal.	Gr1	1.20 ± 0.58^cb	0.20 ± 0.20^c	0.80±.37^c	1.20 ± 0.20^c	2.60 ± 0.40^cb	0.00 ± 0.00^b	3.00 ± 0.63^a	9.00 ± 0.71^c
	Propolis + 0 ppm Mal.	Gr2	1.00 ± 0.55^c	0.40 ± 0.24^c	0.80 ± 0.37^c	0.60 ± 0.24^c	3.80 ± 0.66^ab	0.00 ± 0.00^b	2.80 ± 0.37^a	9.40 ± 1.12^c

Class II: Malathion Exposed	Control + 5 ppm Mal.	Gr3	3.00 ± 0.55^a	3.00 ± 0.55^a	4.80 ± 0.58^a	4.20 ± 0.73^a	5.20 ± 0.97^a	1.00 ± 0.44^a	4.00 ± 0.89^a	25.20 ± 2.22^a
	Pollen + 5 ppm Mal.	Gr4	2.80 ± 0.66^ab	1.60 ± 0.24^b	3.20 ± 0.48^b	1.40 ± 0.24^cb	2.80 ± 0.49^cb	0.20 ± 0.20^b	2.80 ± 0.37^a	14.80 ± 1.36^b	57.14%
	Propolis + 5 ppm Mal.	Gr5	3.00 ± 0.55^a	1.60 ± 0.24^b	4.00 ± 0.31^ab	2.40 ± 0.24^b	3.00 ± 0.63^cb	0.80 ± 0.37^ab	3.00 ± 0.55^a	17.80 ± 0.66^b	40.00%

C.A, End and TCA indicated Centromere attenuations, Endomitosis and total chromosomal aberrations, respectively. Mal.: malathion. Data were expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 5 per each group) Values with different superscript letters (a, b, c) were significantly different (P < 0.05).