Table 6.
Protective effects of bee pollen against chronic malathion exposure (1 ppm) induced micronuclei (MN) in erythrocytes and fragmentation in liver DNA of Oreochromis niloticus.
| Treatment classes | Treatment groups | Abbrev. | Erythrocytes MN (%) | Reduction (%) | Liver DNA fragmentation (%) | Reduction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class I: Malathion non-exposed | Control + 0 ppm Mal. | T1 | 2.00 ± 0.32c | 10.33 ± 0.52c | ||
| Pollen + 0 ppm Mal. | T2 | 1.80 ± 0.20c | 9.24 ± 0..37c | |||
| Class II: Malathion exposed | Control + 1 ppm Mal. | T3 | 11.00 ± 0.84a | 25.29 ± 0.73a | ||
| Pollen + 1 ppm Mal. | T4 | 3.60 ± 0.40c | 82.22% | 11.36 ± 0.67c | 93.11% | |
| Pre-exposure pollen supplement + 1 ppm Mal. | T5 | 7.00 ± 0.55b | 44.44% | 18.03 ± 1.05b | 48.53% |
Data were expressed as mean ± S.E (n = 5/group). Values with different superscript letters (a, b, c) within the same column were significantly different at P < 0.05.