Table I.
Retrotransposons and the chronology of their insertions in the HMW glutenin region
| Elements | Type | Length | 5′ LTRa | 3′ LTR | Base Substitutionsb | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MYAc | ||||||
| Ames-1 | gypsy | 13,054 | 4,043 | 4,070 | 194 | 3.7 |
| Apiip-1 | gypsy | 11,017 | 970 | 971 | 70 | 5.5 |
| Bagy-1 | gypsy | 10,481 | 4,056 | 4,054 | 57 | 1.1 |
| Boba-1 | gypsy | 5,408 | 227 | 226 | 2 | 0.7 |
| Deimos-1 | LITE | 2,178 | 652 | 363* | 14 | 3.0 |
| Erika-2 | gypsy | 13,468 | 4,133 | 4,133 | 7 | 0.1 |
| Fatimah-1 | gypsy | 9,079 | 480 | 482 | 13 | 2.1 |
| Fatimah-2 | gypsy | 10,018 | 505 | 542 | 19 | 2.9 |
| Gujog-1 | gypsy | 5,790 | 485 | 485 | 13 | 2.1 |
| Hawi-2 | gypsy | 11,686 | 3,761 | 3,754 | 96 | 2.0 |
| Lahuwi-1 | gypsy | 4,628 | 1,536 | 1,469 | 65 | 3.4 |
| Madil-1 | gypsy | 9,856 | 1,593 | 1,601 | 40 | 1.9 |
| Nubude-1 | gypsy | 10,201 | 3,014 | 3,152 | 96 | 2.4 |
| Nusif-1 | gypsy | 6,256 | 886 | 911 | 50 | 4.3 |
| Pivu-1 | athila | 13,092 | 2,078 | 1,998 | 99 | 3.7 |
| Sabrina-1 | athila | 6,986 | 1,577 | 928 | 47 | 3.9 |
| Sabrina-2 | athila | 7,290 | 1,543 | 1,561 | 65 | 3.2 |
| Sabrina-3 | athila | 8,300 | 1,586 | 1,589 | 70 | 3.4 |
| Wham-1 | athila | 8,132 | 1,423 | 1,278* | 51 | 3.1 |
| Wis-2 | copia | 7,871 | 769* | 1,726 | 5 | 0.7 |
| Wis-3 | copia | 8,633 | 1,752 | 1,757 | 11 | 0.5 |
| Wilma-2 | gypsy | 10,153 | 1,528 | 1,504 | 84 | 4.3 |
a
Full length retrotransposons with two LTRs were used to calculate the time of insertion.
b
Deletions were counted as a single base substitution event.
c
Divergence time is calculated as K/2 × Knus (Wei et al., 2002). Knus is the base substitution rate per nucleotide per year. A Knus of 6.5 × 109 per site per year derived from the grass (Gramineae) adh1-adh2 region (Gaut et al., 1996) was employed in the calculation.
*
, Deletion event.