Table 3.

Population analyses of clinical biomarker response

Tumour type	Treatment	PD measurement (s)	Driver of PD response	Model type	Predictors for survival		Reference
					Model-based	Other
Healthy volunteers	Sunitinib	VEGF-A	Concentration(t)	transduction function	–	–	Lindauer et al., 2010 [42]
		sVEGFR-2	Concentration(t)	IDR I
mCRC	Sunitinib	sVEGFR-2	Concentration(t)	IDR I	Concentration(t), AUC (*)	Age	Kanefendt et al., 2012 [44]
		sVEGFR-3	Concentration(t)	IDR I
GIST	Sunitinib	VEGF	Daily AUC	IDR II	sVEGFR-3(t)	tumour SLD0	Hansson et al., 2011 [24], Hansson 2012 [29]
		sVEGFR-2	Daily AUC	IDR I
		sVEGFR-3	Daily AUC	IDR I
		sKIT	Daily AUC	IDR I
Solid tumours; lymphomas	E7820	α2-integrin	Concentration(t)	IDR I	–	–	Keizer et al., 2011 [47]

AUC, area under the curve; GIST, gastro-intestinal stromal tumour; IDR, indirect response; mCRC, metastatic colorectal cancer; sKIT, soluble stem cell factor receptor; SLD, sum of longest tumour diameters; SLD₀, baseline sum of longest diameters; sVEGFR-2,3, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, 3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

^(*)Survival analysis was performed using non-parametric methods.