Figure 5.

LXA₄ attenuates the invasion activity of ESCs by reducing the expression of MMP-9. (A and B) ESCs were stimulated with IL-1β (1 ng·mL⁻¹) for 15 min or pre-incubated with LXA₄ (0.1 to 100 nM) for 30 min before IL-1β treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by real-time PCR and elisa. (C) ESCs were stimulated with IL-1β (0.1 to 10 ng·mL⁻¹) or vehicle (medium) for 24 h, and protein activities of MMP-9 was assessed by the Gelatin Zymography assay (left). The IL-1β-increased MMP-9 was significantly inhibited by LXA₄ (right), (compared with IL-1β alone). (D) Cell Matrigel invasion assays indicated the decreased number of ESCs, which invaded from upper chamber to lower chamber treated with LXA₄ (100 nM). The band intensities were analysed using Quantity One software. Data are presented as means ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.