Table 1.
Gene contents in P. ginseng DMY chloroplast genome.
| Category for genes | Group of genes | Name of genes |
|---|---|---|
| Self-replication | rRNA genes | rrn16(×2), rrn23(×2), rrn4.5(×2), rrn5(×2) |
| tRNA genes | 34 trn genes(7 contain an intron, 12 in the IR regions) | |
| trnA-UGC*(×2), trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnG-UCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-GAU*(×2), trnK-UUU*, trnL-CAA(×2), trnL-UAA*, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU(×2), trnN-GUU(×2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG(×2), trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC(×2), trnV-UAC*, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA | ||
| Small subunit of ribosome | rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(×2), rps8, rps11, rps12**, rps14, rps15, rps16*, rps18, rps19 | |
| Large subunit of ribosome | rpl2*(×2), rpl14, rpl16*, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23(×2),rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 | |
| DNA dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2 | |
| Genes for photosynthesis | Subunits of NADH-dehydrogenase | ndhA*, ndhB*(×2), ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK |
| Subunits of photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ, ycf3** | |
| Subunits of photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT | |
| Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex | petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petL, petN | |
| Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI | |
| Large subunit of rubisco | rbcL | |
| Other genes | Translational initiation factor | infA |
| Maturase | matK | |
| Protease | clpP** | |
| Envelope membrane protein | cemA | |
| Subunit of Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase | accD | |
| c-type cytochrome synthesis gene | ccsA | |
| Genes of unknown function | Open Reading Frames (ORF, ycf) | ycf1, ycf2(×2), ycf4, ycf15(×2), lhbA |
One and two asterisks after gene names reflect one- and two-intron containing genes, respectively. Genes located in IR regions are indicated by the (×2) symbol after the gene name. The rps12 gene is divided: the 5 '-rps12 is located in LSC region and the 3 '-rps12 in IR region.