Table 3.
Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for lymph node metastasis n (%)
| Factor for lymph node metastasis | Presence (n = 104) | Absence (n = 1000) | P value |
| Age (yr) | 0.049 | ||
| < 60 | 61 (58.7) | 485 (48.5) | |
| ≥ 60 | 43 (41.3) | 515 (51.5) | |
| Gender | 0.003 | ||
| Male | 53 (51.0) | 656 (65.6) | |
| Female | 51 (49.0) | 344 (34.4) | |
| Size of tumor (mm) | < 0.0001 | ||
| < 20 mm | 9 (8.7) | 370 (37.0) | |
| ≥ 20 mm | 95 (91.3) | 630 (63.0) | |
| Location | 0.389 | ||
| Upper third | 9 (8.7) | 116 (11.6) | |
| Middle third | 36 (34.6) | 289 (28.9) | |
| Lower third | 59 (56.7) | 595 (59.5) | |
| Macroscopic type | < 0.0001 | ||
| Elevated | 7 (6.7) | 78 (7.8) | |
| Flat | 1 (1.0) | 80 (8) | |
| Depressed | 72 (69.2) | 743 (74.3) | |
| Mixed | 24 (23.1) | 98 (9.8) | |
| Depth of invasion | < 0.0001 | ||
| Mucosa | 24 (23.1) | 601 (60.1) | |
| Submucosa | 80 (77.0) | 399 (39.9) | |
| Sm1 | 11 (10.6) | 139 (13.9) | |
| Sm2 | 34 (32.7) | 123 (12.3) | |
| Sm3 | 35 (33.7) | 137 (13.7) | |
| Ulceration | 0.222 | ||
| Absent | 86 (9.0) | 872 (91.0) | |
| Present | 18 (12.1) | 128 (85.9) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | < 0.0001 | ||
| Absent | 44 (42.3) | 911 (91.1) | |
| Present | 60 (57.7) | 89 (8.9) | |
| Histological type | < 0.0001 | ||
| Well differentiated | 4 (3.8) | 232 (23.2) | |
| Moderate differentiated | 45 (43.3) | 352 (35.2) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 36 (34.6) | 208 (20.8) | |
| Signet ring cell | 19 (18.3) | 208 (20.8) |
Sm1: Upper third; Sm2: Middle third; Sm3: Lower third.