. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 14.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007 Jul 12;21(1):66–71. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.008

Table 2.

Echocardiographic findings in relation to left ventricular ejection fraction

	EF ≥ 55%	EF 54%–45%	EF 44%–35%
LV mass index, g/m^2.7	41 ± 10	46 ± 12^*^†	57 ± 15^*
LV internal diastolic diameter, cm/m²	1.85 ± 0.20	1.97 ± 0.21^*^†	2.19 ± 0.21^*
Relative wall thickness	0.36 ± 0.05	0.33 ± 0.05^*^†	0.32 ± 0.05^*
ESS, kdyne/cm²	114 ± 31	151 ± 32^*^†	201 ± 32^*
Doppler stroke index, mL/m²	38 ± 7	36 ± 7^*^†	34 ± 8^*
LV ejection time, ms	328 ± 37	321 ± 38^*^†	309 ± 38^*
RR, ms	912 ± 134	889 ± 150^*^†	825 ± 120^*
ESS/ESVi, 10⁴ kdyne/cm³	7.1 ± 1.5	5.6 ± 1.6^*^†	4.4 ± 1.6^*
MEE, kcal/min	0.095 ± 0.040	0.122 ± 0.040^*^†	0.150 ± 0.040^*

EF, Ejection fraction; ESS, end-systolic stress; ESVi, end-systolic volume index; LV, left ventricular; MEE, myocardial work energy expenditure; RR, cardiac cycle duration.

P < .01 vs normal EF group.

^†

P < .01 vs lowest EF group.

Data are adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and baseline cardiovascular disease.