Table 1.
MiRNAs whose expression was significantly modulated by chemopreventive agents in rat lung, compared either with unexposed rats (Sham) or ECS-exposed rats
| miRNA | ECS/Sham | ECS+BF/Sham | ECS+NAC/Sham | ECS+OPZ/Sham | ECS+OPZ+NAC/Sham | ECS+PEITC/Sham | ECS+I3C/Sham | ECS+PEITC+I3C/Sham |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| let-7a | 0.24 (0.00–0.77)* | 0.52 (0.27–1.64)† | 0.73 (0.15–1.10)† | 0.85 (0.40–1.19)† | 1.14 (0.82–1.13)‡ | 0.91 (0.69–1.18)† | 0.77 (0.23–1.14) | 1.55 (0.64–2.64)‡ |
| let-7b | 0.24 (0.00–0.85)† | 0.53 (0.00–1.22)‡ | 0.56 (0.00–1.25)†,§ | 1.00 (0.94–1.06)† | 0.90 (0.50–1.31)‡ | 0.84 (0.32–1.35)‡ | 0.60 (0.00–1.28)†,§ | 1.35 (0.40–2.31)† |
| let-7c | 0.22 (0.00–0.80)§ | 0.69 (0.15–1.10)† | 0.72 (0.05–1.02)† | 0.96 (0.71–1.17)‡ | 1.33 (0.67–2.07)‡ | 1.05 (0.85–1.22)‡ | 0.73 (0.27–1.16) | 1.23 (0.70–1.81)‡ |
| let-7f | 0.19 (0.00–0.74)* | 0.38 (0.00–0.85)†,§ | 0.31 (0.00–0.82)†,§ | 0.57 (0.11–1.07)‡ | 1.02 (0.42–1.19)‡ | 0.89 (0.25–1.15)‡ | 0.70 (0.00–0.90) | 1.10 (0.70–1.84)‡ |
| miR-10a | 0.27 (0.00–0.89)* | 1.40 (0.67–2.06)‡ | 0.51 (0.13–1.08)† | 1.02 (0.49–1.20)‡ | 0.85 (0.26–1.15)† | 0.68 (0.41–1.19)† | 0.96 (0.72–1.17)† | 1.80 (0.62–3.26)§,|| |
| miR-26a | 0.32 (0.00–0.99)* | 0.81 (0.30–1.17)† | 1.02 (0.58–1.20)‡ | 1.12 (0.76–1.39)‡ | 1.08 (0.71–1.17)‡ | 1.34 (0.70–1.84)‡ | 1.24 (0.78–1.39)‡ | 1.71 (0.64–2.66)|| |
| miR-30a | 0.31 (0.00–0.96)§ | 0.69 (0.05–1.33) | 0.76 (0.17–1.35) | 0.64 (0.00–1.31) | 0.67 (0.02–1.32) | 0.84 (0.33–1.35) | 0.65 (0.0–1.31) | 1.69 (0.19–3.18)† |
| miR-30c | 0.12 (0.00–0.57)¶ | 0.63 (0.08–1.05)‡ | 0.58 (0.00–1.27)‡,§ | 0.61 (0.00–1.29)‡,§ | 0.76 (0.34–1.18)‡ | 0.60 (0.00–1.28)‡,§ | 0.87 (0.41–1.19)† | 0.95 (0.55–1.20)‡ |
| miR-34b | 0.33 (0.00–0.99)* | 0.76 (0.17–1.35)† | 1.13 (0.59–1.67)‡ | 0.69 (0.05–1.33) | 0.57 (0.00–1.26)†,§ | 0.57 (0.00–1.25)†,§ | 0.99 (0.92–1.07)‡ | 0.81 (0.27–1.35)† |
| miR-34c | 0.32 (0.00–0.97)* | 0.85 (0.36–1.34)† | 1.12 (0.62–1.61)‡ | 0.93 (0.59–1.28)‡ | 0.97 (0.75–1.20)‡ | 0.62 (0.00–1.29) | 0.59 (0.00–1.27) | 2.05 (0.01–4.10)† |
| miR-99b | 0.29 (0.00–0.92)* | 0.68 (0.04–1.33)†,§ | 0.65 (0.00–1.31)†,§ | 0.78 (0.20–1.35)† | 0.61 (0.00–1.28)†,§ | 0.97 (0.73–1.21)‡ | 0.79 (0.21–1.35)† | 1.56 (0.26–2.86)†,§ |
| miR-122a | 0.25 (0.00–0.85)* | 0.52 (0.00–1.21)*,† | 0.61 (0.00–1.29)† | 0.50 (0.00–1.19)†,§ | 0.53 (0.00–1.22)†,§ | 0.59 (0.00–1.27)†,§ | 0.50 (0.00–1.19)†,§ | 0.98 (0.80–1.16)‡ |
| miR-123-prec | 0.32 (0.00–0.97)* | 0.59 (0.00–1.27)*,† | 0.91 (0.52–1.30)† | 1.01 (0.85–1.18)‡ | 1.27 (0.38–2.06)‡ | 1.19 (0.53–1.84)‡ | 0.63 (0.00–1.30)†,§ | 2.07 (0.01–4.13)*,‡ |
| miR-124a-prec | 0.14 (0.00–0.62)* | 0.61 (0.10–1.18) | 0.70 (0.06–1.33)† | 0.63 (0.09–1.18) | 0.80 (0.48–1.25)† | 0.73 (0.12–1.35)† | 0.88 (0.76–1.16)† | 1.19 (0.64–1.78)‡ |
| miR-125a-prec | 0.12 (0.00–0.59)§ | 0.57 (0.00–1.26)†,§ | 0.61 (0.00–1.28)†,§ | 0.69 (0.04–1.33)† | 0.73 (0.02–1.14)† | 0.71 (0.08–1.34)† | 1.01 (0.12–1.19)† | 1.12 (0.65–1.73)‡ |
| miR-125b | 0.30 (0.00–0.69)§ | 0.61 (0.00–1.11)†,§ | 0.76 (0.32–1.25)†,§ | 0.88 (0.35–1.25)‡,§ | 0.76 (0.22–1.23)†,§ | 0.90 (0.52–1.25)‡ | 0.81 (0.35–1.18) | 1.84 (0.43–3.25)‡,§ |
| miR-140s | 0.23 (0.00–0.81)§ | 0.66 (0.07–1.17)§ | 0.90 (0.48–1.32)† | 0.76 (0.17–1.35)† | 0.81 (0.27–1.35)† | 0.89 (0.45–1.33)† | 0.78 (0.36–1.25) | 1.55 (0.27–2.84)‡,§ |
| miR-145-prec | 0.22 (0.00–0.80)¶ | 0.54 (0.00–1.23)† | 0.82 (0.29–1.35)‡ | 0.64 (0.00–1.30)‡ | 0.70 (0.06–1.33)‡ | 0.84 (0.32–1.35)‡ | 0.48 (0.00–1.17)§ | 1.72 (0.18–3.25)‡ |
| miR-146-prec | 0.28 (0.00–0.90)* | 0.89 (0.44–1.33)† | 1.03 (0.80–1.25)‡ | 0.61 (0.00–1.29)†,§ | 1.00 (0.90–1.09)‡ | 1.23 (0.50–1.96)‡ | 0.63 (0.00–1.30)§ | 2.24 (0.50–3.54)*,‡ |
| miR-191-prec | 0.11 (0.00–0.54)* | 0.52 (0.00–1.21)*,† | 0.70 (0.07–1.34)† | 0.62 (0.00–1.29)†,§ | 0.56 (0.00–1.27)†,§ | 0.85 (0.35–1.35)‡ | 0.40 (0.00–1.08)* | 1.43 (0.34–2.51)§,|| |
| miR-192 | 0.24 (0.00–0.84)* | 0.68 (0.03–1.33)§ | 0.70 (0.06–1.33) | 0.59 (0.00–1.27) | 0.96 (0.68–1.23)† | 1.05 (0.74–1.36)† | 0.83 (0.30–1.35) | 1.35 (0.40–2.31)† |
| miR-219-prec | 0.19 (0.00–0.74)* | 0.64 (0.00–1.31) | 0.73 (0.12–1.35) | 0.57 (0.00–1.26) | 0.86 (0.39–1.34) | 0.63 (0.00–1.30) | 0.43 (0.00–1.12)§ | 0.75 (0.15–1.35) |
| miR-222-prec | 0.26 (0.00–0.75)§ | 0.59 (0.00–1.12)† | 0.76 (0.04–1.15)† | 0.84 (0.22–1.23)‡ | 1.09 (0.79–1.31)‡ | 1.23 (0.75–1.39)‡ | 0.53 (0.00–1.07)†,§ | 1.69 (0.52–2.49)‡ |
| miR-223-prec | 0.21 (0.00–0.77)§ | 0.44 (0.00–1.13)‡,§ | 0.50 (0.00–1.19)‡,§ | 0.49 (0.00–1.18)‡,§ | 0.73 (0.12–1.35)‡ | 0.84 (0.34–1.35)‡ | 0.32 (0.00–0.97)* | 1.45 (0.33–2.57)‡ |
| miR-294 | 10.7 (0.00–24.76)§ | 8.76 (0.00–17.78)§ | 9.31 (0.00–21.50)§ | 10.51 (0.00–24.36)§ | 7.67 (0.00–19.97) | 9.34 (0.00–21.66)§ | 5.59 (0.00–10.20) | 7.17 (0.00–18.78) |
NOTE: The reported values are the ratio of miRNA expression in the lung of ECS-exposed rats, either untreated or treated with chemopreventive agents, to that in the lung of Sham-exposed rats. The numbers between brackets are the 95% confidence intervals. Bold values identify the (ECS + chemopreventive agents)/Sham ratios higher than 0.90, which was arbitrarily assumed as demonstrative of a strong protective effect of chemopreventive agents toward ECS-induced miRNA alterations.
*
Statistical analysis: P < 0.01 compared with Sham.
†
Statistical analysis: P < 0.05 compared with ECS.
‡
Statistical analysis: P < 0.001 compared with ECS.
§
Statistical analysis: P < 0.05 compared with Sham.
||
Statistical analysis: P < 0.01 compared with ECS.
¶
Statistical analysis: P < 0.001 compared with Sham.