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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 24.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2014 Oct 3;53(48):13068–13072. doi: 10.1002/anie.201406349

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

(a) The chair conformation of TCA. (b) The possible mechanism of forming 1D NAPPy/TCA through the self-assembly and polymerization of Py droplets and free-Py. (c) Possible mechanism of the potential-switchable wettability of 1D NAPPy/TCA: (c1–c2) The orientation of hydrophobic α-face and hydrophilic β-face of TCA was random in the absence of potential. (c3) The hydrophilic β-face of TCA was exposed on the surface of the implants when a switch-off potential was applied to the implants. This state was termed as switch-off. (c4) When a switch-on potential was applied, the hydrophobic α-face would be exposed on the surface, making the implant surface become hydrophobic. This state was termed as switch-on.