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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 14.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2013 Aug 6;113(11):8583–8603. doi: 10.1021/cr400105n

Figure 4. Promoter proximal paused Pol II.

Figure 4

The diagram depicts Pol II that is paused under the control of factors including DSIF, NELF, Gdown1, the proposed Gdown1 Negative Accessory Factor (GNAF),39a and TFIIS. TFIIF and TTF2 are blocked by Gdown1 at this stage, and Pol II is phosphorylated on Ser5 (illustrated as S5-P). The kinase module of Mediator, blocks entry of the next Pol II and facilitates CTD phosphorylation. The general activator and the acetylated chromatin binding protein BRD4 are also depicted although they are not active at this point.