. 2015 Feb;6(1):89–107. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.089

Table 1. Pattern of recurrence following surgery alone (selected randomized trials).

RCTs	N	Local regional recurrence
Hartgrink et al. (Dutch) (20)	D2 vs. D1 dissection	D2	D1
Hartgrink et al. (Dutch) (20)	331 vs. 380^†	31.8% (95/299)	42.2% (154/365)*
Zhang et al. (21)	Preoperative RT vs. surgery alone	Preoperative RT	Surgery
Zhang et al. (21)	171 vs. 199	38.60%	51.7% (P<0.025)
Cunningham et al. (18)	Preoperative CT vs. surgery alone	Perioperative CT	Surgery
Cunningham et al. (18)	250 vs. 253	14.4% (36/250)	20.6% (52/253)^§
Macdonald et al. (19,22)	Postoperative CRT vs. surgery alone	Postoperative CRT	Surgery
Macdonald et al. (19,22)	120 vs. 177	65.0% (78/120)^∫	71.8% (127/177)

^†, Number achieving curative resection; *, denominator equals total treated curatively minus postoperative deaths; ^§, denominator equals patients assigned to the group; ^∫, patients could have relapses at multiple sites, total number of relapses greater than number of patients. RCT, randomised controlled trial; RT, radiotherapy; CT, chemotherapy; CRT, chemoradiotherapy.