Table 1.

Three-dimensional kinematic positions used for testing

Activity	Flexion (degrees)	Abduction (degrees)	External rotation (degrees)
Gait
Heel strike	38	−1	4
Midstance	12	−5	0
Heel off	−5	−3	0
Toe off	0	0	0
Stooping
Start	45	13	−5
Middle	70	5	−15
End	105	−5	−25
Pivoting
Start	0	0	15
Middle	−10	−1	25
End	−15	2	35