Table 3.
Mean (SD) objective (BTACT) and subjective (PAOFI) cognitive function between impaired and non-impaired ADL and IADL groups*
| ADL | Non-Impaired
|
Impaired
|
p value (unadj.)^ | p value (adj.)§ | SOR (adj.)¶ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | n | M | SD | n | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| PAOFI total | 129.23 | 18.5 | 105 | 112.2 | 27.68 | 30 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.54 |
| Memory | 36.12 | 6.90 | 105 | 31.03 | 9.97 | 30 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 0.64 |
| Language | 32.66 | 6.42 | 105 | 29.20 | 7.88 | 30 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.71 |
| Sensory-motor | 20.62 | 4.07 | 105 | 17.40 | 5.35 | 30 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.51 |
| Executive function | 39.83 | 6.49 | 105 | 34.57 | 9.65 | 30 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 0.62 |
| BTACT composite | 0.04 | 0.69 | 88 | −0.04 | 0.69 | 22 | 0.63 | 0.83 | 0.94 |
| Word recall | 5.34 | 2.11 | 102 | 5.32 | 1.87 | 28 | 0.96 | 0.82 | 1.05 |
| Digit span | 4.26 | 1.66 | 105 | 3.64 | 0.95 | 28 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.65 |
| Category fluency | 15.38 | 5.19 | 104 | 14.40 | 5.22 | 30 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 0.86 |
| Number series | 1.178 | 1.39 | 90 | 0.83 | 1.09 | 24 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.74 |
| Backward counting | 25.34 | 11.54 | 101 | 24.77 | 9.29 | 30 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 1.02 |
| Short-delay recall | 2.79 | 2.37 | 100 | 3.07 | 1.94 | 29 | 0.56 | 0.33 | 1.24 |
| IADL | |||||||||
| PAOFI total | 130.99 | 17.51 | 84 | 116.31 | 25.41 | 51 | <0.001 | <0.01 | 0.50 |
| Memory | 36.20 | 6.51 | 84 | 33.00 | 9.59 | 51 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.77 |
| Language | 33.45 | 6.06 | 84 | 29.31 | 7.45 | 51 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.53 |
| Sensory-motor | 21.23 | 3.72 | 84 | 17.73 | 5.01 | 51 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.42 |
| Executive function | 40.11 | 6.07 | 84 | 36.27 | 9.17 | 51 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 0.65 |
| BTACT composite | 0.06 | 0.68 | 73 | −0.04 | 0.70 | 37 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 0.90 |
| Word recall | 5.25 | 1.98 | 81 | 5.49 | 2.19 | 49 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 1.17 |
| Digit span | 4.27 | 1.69 | 84 | 3.88 | 1.29 | 49 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.76 |
| Category fluency | 15.60 | 5.24 | 83 | 14.45 | 5.08 | 51 | 0.21 | 0.37 | 0.83 |
| Number series | 1.22 | 1.37 | 74 | 0.90 | 1.26 | 40 | 0.23 | 0.3 | 0.78 |
| Backward counting | 26.7 | 11.86 | 82 | 22.71 | 9.09 | 49 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.70 |
| Short-delay recall | 2.74 | 2.21 | 81 | 3.04 | 2.41 | 48 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 1.24 |
BTACT = Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone; PAOFI = Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
The total number of patients in BTACT scores is fewer than 135 because some patients declined to complete some BTACT subtests (e.g., number series).
Higher scores indicate better functioning.
Possible score ranges: BTACT word list recall (0–15), backward digit span (2–8), Category fluency (0-no limit), number series (0–5), backward counting (0–100); PAOFI memory (0–45), language and communication (0–40), sensory-motor (0–25), executive function (0–45).
P-value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups based on a logistic regression model using only the corresponding PAOFI or BTACT subscale score as a covariate.
P-value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups based on a logistic regression model using the corresponding PAOFI or BTACT subscale score, age, and education as covariates. The models for the BTACT subscales also included anxiety as a covariate.
The standardized odds ratio (SOR) is the increased (decreased) odds of impairment corresponding to a one-standard deviation increase in the corresponding PAOFI or BTACT subscale.