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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Oct 7;24(1):119–127. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0815

Table 1.

The descriptive characteristics of the multiethnic sample.

European
Americans		 African
Americans		 Latinos Japanese
Americans		 Native
Hawaiians
N (%) 437 (20%) 364 (16%) 453 (20%) 674 (30%) 311 (14%)
Sex: N (%) Male 190 (44%) 111 (31%) 237 (52%) 388 (58%) 114 (37%)
Female 247 (56%) 253 (69%) 216 (48%) 286 (42%) 197 (63%)
Age: Mean [sd] Male 63.3 [6.8] 63.5 [6.6] 66.2 [6.3] 63.7 [7.0] 63.0 [7.4]
Female 64.0 [7.8] 65.3 [7.8] 64.7 [6.4] 63.8 [7.4] 60.4 [6.7]
All 63.7 [7.4] 64.7 [7.5] 65.5 [6.3] 63.7 [7.1] 61.3 [7.1]
CPDa Mean [sd] Male 20.8 [12.4] 12.1 [7.6]*** 10.5 [8.0]*** 15.4 [8.7]*** 17.1 [10.8]**
Female 15.2 [10.2] 10.8 [7.1]*** 8.0 [6.3]*** 12.1 [7.8]*** 14.1 [8.9]
All 17.6 [11.5] 11.2 [7.3]*** 9.3 [7.3]*** 14.0 [8.5]*** 15.2 [9.7]***
P-valuee 0.0001 0.1667 0.0003 0.0002 0.0056
NEb Mean [sd] Male 67.2 [35.5] 49.8 [30.0]*** 45.4 [30.8]*** 47.3 [48.9]*** 48.1 [26.9]***
Female 76.4 [48.1] 58.5 [35.2]*** 54.8 [36.2]*** 57.0 [40.7]*** 61.2 [35.5]**
All 72.4 [43.3] 55.9 [33.9]*** 49.9 [33.8]*** 51.4 [45.9]*** 56.4 [33.1]***
P-valuee 0.029 0.018 0.0021 0.0056 0.00050
Cot Glucc Mean [sd] Male 58.4 [15.2] 44.7 [22.5]*** 55.9 [16.3] 50.6 [14.7]*** 54.5 [14.4]*
Female 56.9 [15.5] 45.8 [23.0]*** 60.5 [14.6]* 48.9 [14.5]*** 53.5 [14.1]*
All 57.6 [15.4] 44.0 [22.8]*** 58.1 [15.7] 49.9 [14.6]*** 53.8 [14.2]**
Nic Glucd Mean [sd] Male 35.1 [19.3] 27.7 [19.7]** 39.0 [23.7] 33.4 [17.4] 30.8 [17.6]
Female 35.7 [19.1] 29.1 [21.1]*** 40.7 [21.4]* 33.5 [16.9] 31.2 [18.2]*
All 35.4 [19.2] 28.7 [20.7]*** 39.8 [22.6]** 33.5 [17.2] 31.0 [18.0]*
a

CPD = cigarettes/day;

b

NE (Nicotine Equivalents) is the sum of total nicotine, total cotinine, and total 3-hydroxycotininel expressed as nmol/mg creatinine. In an independent analysis of this cohort NE were expressed as nmol/ml (32)

c

Cot Gluc (Cotinine Glucuronidation) is the ratio of the difference between total cotinine & free cotinine and total cotinine, expressed as percent nmol/mg.

d

Nic Gluc (Nicotine Glucuronidation) is the ratio of the difference between total nicotine & free nicotine and total nicotine, expressed as percent nmol/mg.

e

For CPD and NE, age adjusted p-values across ethnic groups were included (with Males as the reference)

P-values adjusted for age (and gender) across ethnic groups (with European Americans as the reference) were indicated where significant as *p < 0.05,

**

p<0.005 and

***

p<0.0005.