Table 2.

Bivariate comparisons between ever-incarcerated and never-incarcerated participants with co-occurring disorders

	Not incarcerated during the study period		Incarcerated during the study period
Total	N=123	62.1%	N=75	37.9%
Baseline Variables	N	%	N	%	Χ2 or t-test	df	p-value
Age (mean ± SD)	37.4	8.0	35.0	7.2	2.12	195	0.04
Gender					0.82	1	0.36
Male	91	74	51	68
Female	32	26	24	32
Race-ethnicity					13.65	3	0.003
White	42	36	12	16.7
Hispanic	21	18	7	(10
African-American	55	47	53	74
Other	5	4	2	3
Diagnosis					0.26	1	0.61
Mood disorders	22	18	11	15
Psychotic disorders	101	82	62	85
Prior incarceration					19.28	1	<0.001
Yes	54	45	56	78
No	65	55	16	22
Experimental condition					0.02	1	0.88
Assertive Community Treatment	62	50	37	49
Standard case management	61	50	38	51
Site					1.29	1	0.26
Site 1	66	54	34	45
Site 2	57	46	41	55
Variables Collected During the Study
Alcohol use disorder					3.12	1	0.08
Yes	96	78	50	67
No	27	22	25	33
Drug use disorder					8.41	1	0.004
Yes	93	76	69	92
No	30	24	6	8
Cocaine use					5.89	1	0.02
Yes	62	50	51	68
No	61	50	24	32
Social contact with non-user					13.04	1	<.001
Yes	83	68	31	41
No	40	33	44	59
Competitive job					3.48	1	0.06
Yes	47	38	19	25
No	76	62	56	75
Homeless					6.38	1	0.01
Yes	56	46	48	64
No	67	56	27	36
Substance Abuse Treatment Scale					33.64	7	<.001
Pre-engagement	2	2	5	7
Engagement	17	16	27	39
Early persuasion	31	29	28	40
Late persuasion	16	15	6	9
Early active treatment	12	11	0	0
Late active treatment	7	7	1	1
Relapse prevention	18	17	2	3
In remission or recovery	5	5	1	1