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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Photochem Photobiol. 2014 Dec 8;91(1):201–209. doi: 10.1111/php.12382

Table 2.

Systemic effects of vitamin D

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis Neuromuscular effects Immunomodulatory effects Cardiovascular effects Cell growth and regulation

• Bone health • Muscle mass and strength
• Better balance
• Regulates immune system
• Protects against MS, Type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, etc.
• Renin-angiotensin regulation
• Decreases risk for hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, heart failure
• Antiproliferation
• Prodifferentiation
• Apoptotic
• Antiangiogenic