Figure 5.

Cumulative meta-analysis, ranked by year and based on a random-effects model. The black circles represent the cumulative risk ratios (RR) while the horizontal lines represent the lower and upper 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the RR. The black diamond represents the overall pooled RR while the left and right sides of the diamond represent the lower and upper 95% CI for the pooled RR. For those studies that included more than one definition of metabolic syndrome, the following were used: Agnoli et al. (tertile definition), Bosco (time-independent definition), Osaki et al. (modified NCEP 2001 definition), and Ronco et al. (diabetes, overweight, and hypertension definition).