Table 3.
Definitions and criteria for metabolic syndrome in the included studies.
| Agnoli et al. [43] | 2 definitions (≥3 of the following components). (1) The highest or lowest (HDL-C) tertiles in controls: WC > 86 cm; triglycerides > 126 mg/dL; HDL-C ≤= 55 mg/dL; fasting glucose > 88 mg/dL (or previously diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus); mean BP ≥ 106.5 mmHg (or treatment for previously diagnosed HTN). (2) NCEP: WC > 88 cm; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; HDL-C < 50 mg/dL; SBP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL. |
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| Bosco [62] | ≥3 of the following components: WC ≥ 88 cm; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus self-reported diagnosis at ≥ 30 years at baseline; HTN self-reported diagnosis plus diuretics or hypertensive medication use at baseline; cholesterol self-reported diagnosis of high cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering medication at baseline. |
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| Inoue et al. [63] | 2 definitions. (1) Grundy (NHLBI 2005): any 3 or more: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; HTN ≥ 130/85 mmHg or medication use; glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL fasting or 140 mg/dL nonfasting or on treatment; low HDL-C < 50 mg/dL; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. (2) IDF: overweight and at least 2 other components. |
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| Kabat et al. [48] | ATP III modified to exclude those with glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or those taking diabetic medication. |
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| Osaki et al. [13] | 6 definitions: Japan 2005, modified NCEP 2001, modified NCEP 2004, modified IDF 2006, modified WHO 1999, and NCEP 2001 with BP 140/90. |
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| Ronco et al. [51] | 2 definitions. (1) Diabetes + overweight + HTN. (2) Diabetes + overweight + dyslipidemia. |
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| Rosato et al. [14] | Combined presence of diabetes, drug-treated HTN, drug-treated hyperlipidemia (as a proxy indicator of elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL-C), and WC ≥ 88 cm or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 when WC was missing. |
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| Russo et al. [64] | Pharmacological definition: patients who chronically received antihypertensive, glucose-lowering, and lipid modifying drugs. |
Notes. BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN: hypertension; WC: waist circumference; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; NCEP ATP III: National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III; NHLBI: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; WHO: World Health Organization.