Table 1.
Inflammatory mediators and their role in cerebral vasospasm.
| Mediator | Function of mediator | Disease model where role has been established | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| (i) Nitric oxide | (i) Vasodilator (ii) Inhibitor of endothelin-1 expression |
(i) Cerebral malaria (ii) Bacterial meningitis (iii) Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
[1, 7, 16, 28, 32, 41, 45] |
|
| |||
| (i) Endothelin-1 | (i) Vasoconstrictor | (i) Bacterial meningitis (ii) Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
[7, 15] |
|
| |||
| (i) Interleukin-1 (ii) Interferon gamma (iii) Tumor necrosis factor |
(i) Activators of protein kinase C (ii) Stimulators of release of endothelin-1 |
(i) Bacterial meningitis (ii) Cerebral malaria (iii) Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
[7, 14, 56] |