Figure 1.

Molecular pathways involved in anti-steatotic effect of adiponectin. The interaction between adiponectin receptor and APPL1 causes activation of AMPK. AMPK inhibits ACC by phosphorylation. Inhibition of ACC increases fatty acid oxidation by blocking the production of malonyl-CoA, the allosteric inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1. AMPK downregulates the expression of SREBP1c, a transcription factor that regulates different genes involved in lipid synthesis. Finally, APPL1 stimulates PPAR-α, another transcriptional factor controlling genes involved in fat oxidation. APPL1: Phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; SREBP1: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; PPAR-α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; CPT-1: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; ACOX: Acyl-CoA oxidase; LCAS: Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase.