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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Discov Med. 2014 May;17(95):233–246.

Table 1.

siRNA Targets in Atherosclerosis.

Target Name Mechanism Study Type References
IMMUNE MODULATOR
Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and 4) inflammation modulation via nuclear factor- kappaB, chemokine secretion and MAPK signaling in vitro Ji et al., 2011; Ji et al., 2010; Geng et al., 2010; Su et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2010; Meng et al., 2013
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) foam cell formation, LDL receptor, chemokine and MMP-2 expression in vitro & mouse model Yu et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2013a; Wang et al., 2013b
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 CCR2 monocyte chemotaxis mouse model Leuschner et al., 2011; Majmudar et al., 2013)
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) inflammation (TNF-alpha) and remodeling (MMP-9), EC to dendritic cell interaction in vitro Butoi et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) inflammation, chemotaxis (sdf-1) in vitro Ma et al., 2013b)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Transducers (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE-1) inflammation, leukocyte adhesion (ICAM-1, P-Selectin) in vitro Luo et al., 2013; Yao et al., 2013; Moreno et al., 2013
S100 alarmin S100A9 neutrophil activity, macrophage vesicle calcification, SMC differentiation in vitro New et al., 2013; Inaba et al., 2009
LIPID METABOLISM
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) oxLDL internalization and degradation in vitro Wang et al., 2013a; Zhang et al., 2013b
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoprotein shuttling mouse model Tadin-Strapps et al., 2011)
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5 (Nox5) leukocyte adhesion, chemokine ligand expression in vitro Gray et al., 2013; Bayat et al., 2012; Rius et al., 2013
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) Il-17 induced VCAM expression in VSMC in vitro Zhang et al., 2013a
Kruppel Like Factor 4 (KLF4) SMC differentiation (Myocd) in vitro Turner et al., 2013
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPs)
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP−2/−9) ECM remodeling, migration, apoptosis in vitro Johnson et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012; Kowluru et al., 2011
PROTEIN KINASES
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) proinflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, oxLDL uptake, proliferation in vitro Li et al., 2010
C-Jun IL-6 and RANKL signaling in vitro Zhang et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2010
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK, JNK2) serum amyloid A signaling, EC alignment, NF-kB signaling, SMC migration and pro- liferation in vitro Dong et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011; Hahn et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011; Shyu et al., 2012
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family (p38 MAPK) LDL accumulation in macrophages, PPAR- gamma expression in vitro Mei et al., 2012
Protein kinase C (PKC) - (PKCα/β/δ) SMC adhesion, migration, CD36 expres- sion, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-6), apoptosis in vitro Jialal & Devaraj, 2012; Jialal et al., 2013a; Jialal et al., 2013b; Karunakaran et al., 2013; Larroque-Cardoso et al., 2013
Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) cholesterol flux in macrophages in vitro Mo et al., 2011; Park et al., 2013b
CELL SURFACE MOLECULES/MEMBRANE RECEPTORS/MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED PRO TEINS
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) and Fibronectin (FN) VCAM-1 expression, NF-kB signaling in vitro Wang et al., 2011; Feaver et al., 2010
Eph receptors Ephrin A2 (EphA2) and Ephrin A4 (EphA4) VCAM-1 expression; monocyte adhesion, EC stress fiber formation in vitro Funk et al., 2012; Jellinghaus et al., 2013
Caveolin (Cav-1) cholesterol flux in macrophages, macrophage differentiation. ICAM expression, proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta), EC tube formation in vitro Hu et al., 2010; Fu et al., 2012; Jagielska et al., 2012