Table 2.
Target Name | Mechanism | Study Type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
IMMUNE MODULATOR | |||
Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and 4) | vascular remodeling via MMP-2 and −9 | in vitro | Cheng et al., 2011 |
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 CCR2 | monocyte chemotaxis | mouse model | de Waard et al., 2010 |
S100 alarmin S100A4 | SMC proliferation; remodeling via MMP | in vitro | Cao et al., 2013 |
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES | |||
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) | adventitial fibroblast activation | in vitro | Liu et al., 2012b |
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS | |||
Kruppel Like Factor 4 (KLF4) | SMC differentiation | in vitro | Salmon et al., 2013 |
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPs) | |||
MMP-2 | SMC invasion | in vitro | Kimura et al., 2010 |
MMP−9/−12 | SMC proliferation | in vitro | Dwivedi et al., 2009 |
PROTEIN KINASES | |||
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) | MMP-2 formation | in vitro | Ghosh et al., 2012 |
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK, JNK2) | MMP activity | in vitro | DiMusto et al., 2012 |
Protein kinase B (AKT) | MMP−2/−9 expression and secretion | in vitro | Ghosh et al., 2014 |