Table 4.
Crude and sex-specific incidence rates and rate ratios for progression to hypertension from prehypertension or normal blood pressure within and across categories of cardiovascular disease risk factors
| From Normal Blood Pressure* n = 454 |
From Prehypertension* n = 254 |
Rate Ratio (Confidence Intervals) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | |||||
| 25–44 year-olds | 5.1 | 6.4 | 1.26 (0.02 – 24.36) | 0.855 | |
| 45–64year-olds | 14.1 | 58.1 | 4.13 (1.09 – 23.05 | 0.032 | |
| 65 yrs and older | 14.4 | 63.6 | 4.42 (0.54 – 203.34) | 0.150 | |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) | 13.8 | 48.0 | 3.46 (0.69 – 33.47) | 0.104 | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 31.2 | – | – | – | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 51.2 | 88.5 | 1.73 (0.19 – 81.77) | 0.686 | |
| Cigarette Smoking (Current) | 7.9 | 48.3 | 6.09 (1.15 – 60.06) | 0.016 | |
| Cigarette Smoking (Past) | 21.0 | 8.2 | 0.39 (0.01 – 4.89) | 0.462 | |
| All Males | 8.9 | 41.0 | 4.63 | 0.001 | |
| Females | |||||
| 25–44 year-olds | 10.6 | 83.5 | 7.85 (3.28 – 20.73) | < 0.001 | |
| 45–64year-olds | 28.9 | 94.4 | 3.36 (1.52 – 7.58) | 0.001 | |
| 65 yrs and older | 61.1 | 105.7 | 1.73 (0.50 – 7.56) | 0.367 | |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) | 28.6 | 99.2 | 3.46 (1.99 – 6.28) | < 0.001 | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 39.6 | 101.6 | 2.56 (1.19 – 5.82) | 0.009 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 100.5 | 95.4 | 0.95 (0.35 – 2.72) | 0.902 | |
| Cigarette Smoking (Current) | 5.4 | 113.6 | 20.66 (2.77 – 916.76) | < 0.001 | |
| Cigarette Smoking (Past) | 14.8 | 85.4 | 5.79 (0.46 – 303.78) | 0.132 | |
| All Females | 18.9 | 92.0 | 4.87 (2.92 – 8.38) | < 0.001 | |
| Total (males and females) | 15.2 | 70.4 | 4.62 (2.96 – 7.43) | < 0.001 | |
*
Incidence Rate per 1000 person-years
*
Normal BP ≤ 120/80 mmHg; Prehypertension = 120–139/80–89 mmHg