Table 3. Genes involved in stem cell pluripotency, drug resistance, signal transduction or cancer development, recurrently amplified or deleted in the presence of MS-5.
Gene | Chromosome location | array-CGH experiment | Full name | Function | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
imatinib | ponatinib | ponatinib | ||||
F3 vs E5 | A23 vs C9 | A24 vs B4 | ||||
CD274 | 9p24.1 | loss | loss | loss | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) | Transmembrane protein, role in immune response |
CD58 | 1p13.1 | loss | gain | gain | Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) | Cell molecule adhesion |
ECT2 | 3q26.31 | gain | loss | loss | Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, cell communication, signal transduction |
TNFSF10 | 3q26.31 | gain | loss | loss | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) | Receptor binding, cell communication, signal transduction |
CDKN2A | 9p21.3 | (1) | gain | loss | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p14ARF) | Cell cycle control protein, cell communication, signal transduction |
CCDC6 | 10q21.2 | loss | (1) | loss | Coiled coil domain containing 6 | Structural constituent of cytoskeleton, apoptosis |
EXT1 | 8q24.11 | (1) | gain | gain | Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 | Glycosyltransferase |
FOXO3 | 6q21 | gain | gain | (1) | Forkhead box protein O3A | Transcription factor activity |
JAK2 | 9p24.1 | loss | loss | (1) | Janus kinase 2 | Protein-tyrosine kinase activity, cell communication, signal transduction |
MLLT3 | 9p21.3 | (1) | gain | loss | AF9, Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (Trithorax Homolog, Drosophila) Translocated To 3 | Found in acute leukemias with MLL rearrangement |
TMPRSS2 | 21q22.3 | loss | loss | (1) | Transmembrane protease serine 2 | Serine protease |
For each array-CGH experiments, two resistant clones harboring the same mutation were compared (F3 vs E5, A23 vs C9, A24 vs B4). Clones F3, A23 and A24 were recovered from culture with MS-5 feeder. Clones E5, C9 and B4 were recovered from culture without MS-5 feeder. (1) no variation.